Product Information

Biological Activity

D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose.Galactose is important for the survival and virulence of bacteria. In Escherichia coli galactose is utilized by the Leloir pathway. Two anomers of d-galactose are used for different purposes, ¦Á-d-galactose as a carbon source and ¦Â-d-galactose for induction of UDP-galactose synthesis for biosynthetic glycosylation[1].
Chronic D-galactose exposure induces neurodegeneration by enhancing caspase-mediated apoptosis and inhibiting neurogenesis and neuron migration in mice, as well as increasing oxidative damage. In addition, D-galactose-induced toxicity in mice is a useful model for studying the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and neuroprotective drugs and agents[2]. D-galactose given by oral route causes cognitive impairments in rats which are accompanied by oxidative damage. Cognitive impairments is observed in the open-field test in the 4th and 6th weeks after d-gal administration, as well as an impairment in spatial memory in the radial maze test after the 6th week of d-gal administration[3].

Conversion of different model animals based on BSA (Value based on data from FDA Draft Guidelines)

Species

Mouse

Rat

Rabbit

Guinea pig

Hamster

Dog

Weight (kg)

0.02

0.15

1.8

0.4

0.08

10

Body Surface Area (m2)

0.007

0.025

0.15

0.05

0.02

0.5

Km factor

3

6

12

8

5

20

Animal A (mg/kg) = Animal B (mg/kg) multiplied by  (Animal B Km / Animal A Km)
For example, to modify the dose of resveratrol used for a mouse (22.4 mg/kg) to a dose based on the BSA for a rat, multiply 22.4 mg/kg by the Km factor for a mouse and then divide by the Km factor for a rat. This calculation results in a rat equivalent dose for resveratrol of 11.2 mg/kg.

Order Information

Quantity

Price($)

Price($)

Availability

5g

$25.00

€27.50

In stock

25g

$85.00

€93.50

In stock

100g

$220.00

€242.00

In stock

Free Delivery on orders over $350.00.

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight

180.16

Formula

C6H12O6

CAS Number

59-23-4

Purity

>98.50%

Solubility

H2O : ¡Ý 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM)

Storage

at 2-8¡ãC for 3 years.

Reference

[1]. Csiszovszki Z, et al.Structure and function of the D-galactose network in enterobacteria. MBio.2011 Jun 28;2(4):e00053-11.

[2]. Cui X, et al. Chronic systemic D-galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidativedamage in mice: protective effects of R-alpha-lipoic acid. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Aug 15;84(3):647-54.

[3]. Budni J, et al. Oral administration of d-galactose induces cognitive impairments and oxidative damage in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Apr 1;302:35-43.

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